UK ndiyo nyika yekutanga pasi rose kuwana zero-marasha kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, uye ndiyo chete nyika yakawana shanduko kubva pamagetsi makuru emagetsi emagetsi ane biomass-akabatana kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kuenda kumarasha makuru- zvirimwa zvemagetsi zvine 100% pure biomass fuel.

Muna 2019, chikamu chesimba remarasha muUK chakaderedzwa kubva pa42.06% muna 2012 kusvika pa1.9% chete. Ikozvino kuchengetwa kwesimba remarasha kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekushanduka kwakagadzikana uye kwakachengeteka kwegridi, uye magetsi emagetsi ebiomass asvika 6.25% (China's biomass power supply Nhamba yacho inenge 0.6%). Muna 2020, kuchave nemagetsi maviri emagetsi emarasha (West Burton neRatcliffe) asara muUK kuti arambe achishandisa marasha sehuni yekugadzira magetsi. Mukuronga kweBritish simba chimiro, biomass simba rekugadzira richaita 16% mune ramangwana.

1. Mamiriro ekugadzirwa kwemagetsi ebiomass-akabatana muUK

Muna 1989, UK yakashambadza Mutemo weMagetsi (Electricity Act ya1989), kunyanya mushure mekupinda kweNoe-Fossil Fuel Obligatio (NFFO) muMutemo weMagetsi, UK zvishoma nezvishoma yakave neseti yakakwana yezvekurudziro uye chirango chemitemo. simba rekugadzira. NFFO inosungirwa kuburikidza nemutemo kuti iite kuti UK magetsi emagetsi ape imwe muzana yesimba rinodzokororwa kana simba renyukireya (risiri-fossil simba rekugadzira magetsi).

Muna 2002, Renewable Obligation (RO) yakatsiva iyo Non-fossil Fuel Obligation (NFFO). Pahwaro hwepakutanga, RO haibatanidzi simba renyukireya, uye nyaya Renewable Obligation Credits (ROCs) (Cherechedza: yakaenzana neChina Green Certificate) yemagetsi anopiwa nesimba rinodzokororwa kutonga uye Masimba emiti anodiwa kuti ape imwe muzana yesimba rinowanikwazve simba. Zvitupa zveROCs zvinogona kutengeswa pakati pevanopa magetsi, uye iwo makambani ekugadzira magetsi asina kukwana simba rinodzokororwa kugadzira magetsi anogona kutenga maROC akawandisa kubva kune mamwe makambani ekugadzira magetsi kana kutarisana nefaindi dzehurumende. Pakutanga, ROC imwe yaimiririra madhigirii chiuru esimba resimba rinowanikwazve. Pakazosvika 2009, ROC ichave yakanyanya kuchinjika mukuita metering zvichienderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzemagetsi ekugadzira magetsi emagetsi. Pamusoro pezvo, hurumende yeBritain yakapa chirongwa cheEnergy Crop Scheme muna 2001, icho chinopa rubatsiro kuvarimi kuti varime zvirimwa zvine simba, zvakaita semakwenzi ane simba nehuswa hwesimba.

Muna 2004, United Kingdom yakatora mitemo yemaindasitiri akakodzera kukurudzira zvidyarwa zvemagetsi makuru emarasha kuita kugadzirwa kwemagetsi ebiomass uye kushandisa mafuta ebiomass kuyera rubatsiro. Izvi zvakafanana mune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope, asi zvakasiyana nerubatsiro rwenyika yangu rwekugadzira magetsi ebiomass.

Muna 2012, nekudzika kwekushanda kwebiomass, biomass-yakabatana kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kuUnited Kingdom kwakachinjika kune hombe-yemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi anopisa 100% yakachena biomass mafuta.

2. Nzira yehunyanzvi

Zvichienderana neruzivo uye zvidzidzo zve biomass-yakabatana kugadzirwa kwemagetsi muEurope gore ra2000 risati rasvika, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kuUnited Kingdom kwakatora nzira yakananga yekupisa yekubatanidza tekinoroji. Kubva pakutanga, yakatora muchidimbu uye nekukasira kurasa iyo yekare biomass uye kugovana marasha. Chigayo chemarasha (Co-Milling coal mill coupling), kune iyo biomass yakananga combustion yekubatanidza magetsi ekugadzira magetsi emagetsi anopfuta marasha, ese anotora Co-Feeding coupling tekinoroji kana Dedicated burner furnace coupling tekinoroji. Panguva imwe chete iyi, zvicherwa zvemagetsi zvakasimudzwa izvi zvakavakawo nzvimbo dzekuchengetera, dzekudyisa, uye dzekudyisa mafuta akasiyana siyana, semarara ekurima, zvirimwa zvesimba, nemarara emasango. Zvakangodaro, hombe-akakura marasha-akabatidza magetsi emagetsi biomass-akabatana kugadzirwa kwemagetsi shanduko inogona kungoshandisa zvakananga boilers aripo, steam turbine jenareta, masaiti uye zvimwe zvivakwa zvemagetsi emagetsi, vashandi vemagetsi emagetsi, mashandisirwo uye ekugadzirisa, zvivakwa zvegidhi uye misika yemagetsi, nezvimwe. ., iyo inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwenzvimbo Inodzivirirawo mari yakakwira musimba idzva uye kuvaka kusingashande. Ndiyo muenzaniso wezvehupfumi weshanduko kana chidimbu chekuchinja kubva marasha kuenda ku biomass magetsi ekugadzira.

3. Tungamira chirongwa

Muna 2005, iyo biomass-yakabatana kugadzirwa kwemagetsi muUnited Kingdom yakasvika 2.533 bhiriyoni kWh, inoverengera 14.95% yesimba rinowanikwazve. Muna 2018 na2019, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi ebiomass muUK kwakapfuura kugadzirwa kwemarasha. Pakati pavo, chirongwa chayo chinotungamira cheDrax power plant yakapa anopfuura bhiriyoni gumi nenhatu kWh yesimba rebiomass kwemakore matatu akateedzana.